【SCMP】Wang Huiyao: Why China is best placed to help negotiate an end to the Ukraine war
September 23 , 2022From SCMP， 2022-9-23
■ Developments at the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation summit reflect shifting regional power dynamics and the evolving China-Russia relationship.
■ China’s balancing act affords Beijing the necessary degree of influence and impartiality to help meditate a way out of the Ukraine crisis.
A statue of Ukrainian poet, writer and artist Taras Shevchenko is seen in front of the destroyed Palace of Culture in the retaken city of Derhachi, in the Kharkiv region of Ukraine, on September 20. Photo: AFP
By Wang Huiyao | Founder of the Center for China and Globalization(CCG)
Last week, many eyes were trained on the ancient city of Samarkand for the annual meeting of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO). Coming at a time of mounting global challenges and geopolitical tensions, the summit showed the importance of the SCO and China’s role in promoting multilateralism, connectivity and development in Central Asia and beyond.
In Samarkand, SCO members adopted more than 40 outcome documents covering a range of fields and issued statements on pressing issues such as food security, energy security, climate change and supply chain security. New infrastructure projects were also announced, including the Mongolian section of a new Russia-China gas pipeline and a joint agreement between China, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan to build a transnational railroad.
Once complete, it will shorten the rail freight journey from China to Europe, which currently goes through Russia, by 900km. This new route through Central Asia had long been considered but previously did not proceed, partly because it went against Russia’s strategic and economic interests.
The fact that it is now going ahead reflects shifting power dynamics in the region and the evolving China-Russia relationship. These changes were also seen in the meeting between the leaders of the two countries.
On the one hand, China and Russia underscored the strength of the bilateral relationship and pledged to support each other on issues concerning their respective core interests. Russian President Vladimir Putin described the strategic partnership between China and Russia as “solid as a mountain”.
In the last few months, a series of events have drawn China and Russia closer together. China was already Russia’s biggest trading partner and has become even more economically important for Moscow amid Western sanctions. In the first eight months of this year, total goods trade between China and Russia jumped 31.4 per cent year on year to US$117.2 billion.
In Samarkand, Putin expressed strong support for China, going so far as to condemn the “provocative moves by individual countries on issues concerning China’s core interests”. Ongoing developments, such as the progression of the Taiwan Policy Act through the US Congress, are likely to further cement China-Russia alignment on this issue.
On the other hand, in contrast to their unified stance on Taiwan, perhaps the most notable outcome of the meeting was to put clear water between Beijing and Moscow regarding the war in Ukraine. Putin acknowledged the “balanced position” and “questions and concerns” of China on the Ukraine crisis and said he would “explain our position”.
Coming from a leader not known for feeling a need to explain anything to anyone, Putin’s admission of Beijing’s reservations signals that, contrary to the views of some people, China is not fully aligned with Putin on Ukraine and did not conspire to support the invasion.
Putting these statements together, we see that while the bilateral relationship remains strong, China has put some distance between itself and Russia on the Ukraine issue.
Since the start of the war, China has tried to calibrate its actions to remain above the fray. It has not condemned Russia’s invasion but has also avoided running afoul of Western-led sanctions against Russia. China also maintains close relations with Ukraine, and in August Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky again urged Beijing to help end the conflict.
China’s balancing act has put it in a position of having the necessary degree of influence and impartiality to help meditate a way out of this crisis. This could involve China and the United Nations taking on a mediating role to facilitate seven-party talks between the five permanent members of the UN Security Council, Ukraine and the European Union to broker a ceasefire and launch a peace process to end the war.
Some people might find the idea of giving Putin a way out through negotiation unpalatable, especially after breakthroughs by Ukrainian forces have raised the prospect that Ukraine might prevail. But the reality is that there are only four possible outcomes of the war from this point, and none of them are pretty.
First, Russia could lose and be forced to effect a complete withdrawal. However, mounting pressure on Putin could make the situation more dangerous as Russia’s leader feels pushed to take increasingly extreme measures – as indicated by the recent escalation of attacks on Ukraine’s civilian infrastructure and his ominous warning on Friday that the war could yet “get more serious”.
Second, Russian forces could regroup and eventually defeat Ukraine, making Kyiv accept all of Moscow’s terms. A third, more likely outcome is a grinding and protracted conflict in which neither side prevails, both suffer heavy casualties and the rest of the world continues to suffer from economic instability and shortages of food and energy.
This leaves the fourth possible outcome and the only real way to stop the bloodshed: a negotiated settlement. That might seem a distant prospect amid the current hostilities and defiant posture of both sides. But the grain export deal brokered by Russia, Ukraine, Türkiye and the UN in Istanbul on July 22 shows that intermediaries can play a constructive role.
Like Türkiye, China is one of the few countries to have open dialogue channels with Kyiv and Moscow, and it has much more influence. Achieving a multilateral resolution to the ongoing conflict will be a huge challenge, but the SCO summit underscored the fact there is no country better placed to help achieve this than China.
